WM Arte answers
Why is 1933 a turning point for Italian graphic design?
In 1933, in Milan, Antonio Boggeri opened Studio Boggeri, credited with creating the art-director role in Italy; the typography magazine Campo Grafico began (66 issues to 1939, in a print run of 500); and the Triennale moved into the Palazzo dell'Arte. Together they mark the start of modern Italian graphic design.
Studio Boggeri's early circle included the Bauhaus-trained Xanti Schawinsky, Marcello Nizzoli and Erberto Carboni, and later Max Huber and Bruno Munari. Schawinsky designed Olivetti's all-lowercase logotype in 1934; MoMA holds his Olivetti M40 brochure of the same year.