# Why is 1933 a turning point for Italian graphic design?

**In 1933, in Milan, Antonio Boggeri opened Studio Boggeri, credited with creating the art-director role in Italy; the typography magazine Campo Grafico began (66 issues to 1939, in a print run of 500); and the Triennale moved into the Palazzo dell'Arte. Together they mark the start of modern Italian graphic design.**

Studio Boggeri's early circle included the Bauhaus-trained Xanti Schawinsky, Marcello Nizzoli and Erberto Carboni, and later Max Huber and Bruno Munari. Schawinsky designed Olivetti's all-lowercase logotype in 1934; MoMA holds his Olivetti M40 brochure of the same year.Sources
- [ADI Design Museum: Campo Grafico 1933–1939](https://www.adidesignmuseum.org/en/exhibition-categories/temporary-exhibition/campo-grafico-1933-1939/)
- [Triennale Milano: history](https://triennale.org/en/about/history-and-mission)
- [MoMA: Schawinsky, Olivetti](https://www.moma.org/collection/works/8335)
- [Università di Parma: Antonio Boggeri](https://air.unipr.it/retrieve/dee86e99-619d-4191-8412-f6fbc898bd21/CHIAPPINI-antonio.pdf)

Source: WM Arte Gallery, https://www.wmartegallery.com/answers/italian-graphic-design-1933 (updated 2026-11-02)